Neurotechnology and AI are advancing rapidly, raising ethical issues around privacy, consent, bias, and human identity. The EU and US are developing regulatory frameworks, but their approaches differ significantly, with the EU taking a rights-based, strict regulatory stance and the US adopting a more flexible, market-driven approach.
The EU’s upcoming AI Act will classify neurotechnology like brain-computer interfaces (BCIs) as high-risk, with strong data protection under the GDPR, while proposing "neurorights" for cognitive liberty and mental privacy. In contrast, the US regulates medical neurotechnology through the FDA but lacks a unified AI risk classification or a national equivalent to the GDPR.
Both regions face challenges in balancing innovation with ethical concerns, with the EU focusing on human rights protection and compliance, while the US prioritizes industry innovation. Collaboration between regulators, ethicists, and the tech industry will be key to ensuring these technologies benefit society while safeguarding privacy and dignity.
