Juvenile laws in India are governed by the Juvenile Justice (Care and Protection of Children) Act, 2015, along with provisions in the IPC and CrPC. A juvenile is defined as anyone under 18 years, but those aged 16-18 can be tried as adults for heinous crimes, depending on the Juvenile Justice Board's discretion.
The Juvenile Justice Act focuses on rehabilitation and social reintegration, with provisions for observation homes, foster care, and adoption. Juveniles can face rehabilitation or community service instead of harsh punishments like life imprisonment or the death penalty. Serious and heinous offenses are classified with varying punishments, and repeat offenders may face stricter consequences.
Key laws like the POCSO Act (2012) and Child Labour Act (1986) protect children from sexual offenses and exploitation, while the RTE Act (2009) ensures free education. The Nirbhaya case led to amendments allowing 16-18-year-olds to be tried as adults for serious crimes.
