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Public International law in India operates through treaties, conventions, and customary law, but these laws only become part of Indian law when incorporated through legislation. India is a signatory to various international agreements, including the UN Charter, WTO agreements, and environmental protocols.
Indian courts and the Constitution recognize international law, especially when there is no conflict with domestic law. Articles 51(c) and 253 of the Constitution guide India's adherence to international treaties and obligations, as seen in landmark cases like Vishaka v. State of Rajasthan.
Key areas of international law in India include human rights, trade (WTO agreements), environmental laws (Paris Agreement), maritime laws (UNCLOS), and criminal law (extradition treaties and conventions against terrorism).
